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Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2005) - British Indian Ocean Territory (2005)

Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2005) z British Indian Ocean Territory (2005)

 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2005)British Indian Ocean Territory (2005)
 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)British Indian Ocean Territory
Administrative divisions none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) -
Age structure 0-14 years: NA


15-64 years: NA


65 years and over: NA (2005 est.)
-
Agriculture - products fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products -
Airports 5 (2004 est.) 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 3


under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
-
Area total: 12,173 sq km


land: 12,173 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands
total: 60 sq km


land: 60 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes the entire Chagos Archipelago
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Connecticut about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982. Established as a territory of the UK in 1965, a number of the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) islands were transferred to the Seychelles when it attained independence in 1976. Subsequently, BIOT has consisted only of the six main island groups comprising the Chagos Archipelago. The largest and most southerly of the islands, Diego Garcia, contains a joint UK-US naval support facility. All of the remaining islands are uninhabited. Former agricultural workers, earlier residents in the islands, were relocated primarily to Mauritius but also to the Seychelles, between 1967 and 1973. In 2000, a British High Court ruling invalidated the local immigration order that had excluded them from the archipelago, but upheld the special military status of Diego Garcia.
Birth rate NA births/1,000 population (2005 est.) -
Budget revenues: $66.2 million


expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.)
-
Capital Stanley -
Climate cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds
Coastline 1,288 km 698 km
Constitution 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998 -
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
conventional long form: British Indian Ocean Territory


conventional short form: none


abbreviation: BIOT
Death rate NA deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) -
Debt - external $NA -
Dependency status overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina overseas territory of the UK; administered by a commissioner, resident in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in London
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international Argentina, which claims the islands in its constitution and briefly occupied the islands by force in 1982, agreed in 1995 to no longer seek settlement by force; UK continues to reject Argentine requests for sovereignty talks Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Archipelago and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly in Mauritius, but in 2001 were granted UK citizenship and the right to repatriation since eviction in 1965; the UK resists the Chagossians' demand for an immediate return to the islands; repatriation is complicated by the exclusive US military lease of Diego Garcia that restricts access to the largest island in the chain
Economic aid - recipient $0 (1997 est.) -
Economy - overview The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism, especially eco-tourism, is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. Another large source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost. All economic activity is concentrated on the largest island of Diego Garcia, where joint UK-US defense facilities are located. Construction projects and various services needed to support the military installations are done by military and contract employees from the UK, Mauritius, the Philippines, and the US. There are no industrial or agricultural activities on the islands. When the Ilois return, they plan to reestablish sugarcane production and fishing.
Electricity - consumption 17.72 million kWh (2002) NA kWh
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2002) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2002) -
Electricity - production 19.06 million kWh (2002) NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by the US military
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Diego Garcia 15 m
Environment - current issues overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster NA
Ethnic groups British -
Exchange rates Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001), 0.6609 (2000)


note: the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound
-
Executive branch chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)


head of government: Governor Howard PEARCE (since 3 December 2002); Chief Executive Chris SIMPKINS (since NA March 2003); Financial Secretary Derek F. HOWATT (since NA)


cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor


elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)


head of government: Commissioner Tony CROMBIE (since January 2004); Administrator Tony HUMPHRIES (since February 2005); note - both reside in the UK


cabinet: NA


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; commissioner and administrator appointed by the monarch
Exports NA -
Exports - commodities wool, hides, meat -
Exports - partners Spain 77.4%, UK 9.4%, US 4.9% (2004) -
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March -
Flag description blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising was once the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT white with six blue wavy horizontal stripes; the flag of the UK is in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the striped section bears a palm tree and yellow crown centered on the outer half of the flag
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
-
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $25,000 (2002 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate NA% -
Geographic coordinates 51 45 S, 59 00 W 6 00 S, 71 30 E
Geography - note deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season archipelago of 2,300 islands; Diego Garcia, largest and southernmost island, occupies strategic location in central Indian Ocean; island is site of joint US-UK military facility
Highways total: 440 km


paved: 50 km


unpaved: 390 km (2002)
total: NA km


paved: short section of paved road between port and airfield on Diego Garcia


unpaved: NA km
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
-
Imports NA -
Imports - commodities fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing -
Imports - partners UK 63.2%, Spain 30.3%, France 3.6% (2004) -
Independence none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) -
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries fish and wool processing; tourism -
Infant mortality rate total: NA


male: NA


female: NA (2005 est.)
-
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.6% (1998) -
International organization participation ICFTU, UPU -
Irrigated land NA sq km 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction -
Labor force 1,100 (est.) -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing) -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (2001)
arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2001)
Languages English -
Legal system English common law the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor


elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held November 2005)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8; note - 71% voter turnout
-
Life expectancy at birth total population: NA years


male: NA years


female: NA years (2005 est.)
-
Location Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina archipelago in the Indian Ocean, south of India, about one-half the way from Africa to Indonesia
Map references South America Political Map of the World
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 3 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine none -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the UK defense is the responsibility of the UK; the US lease on Diego Garcia expires in 2016
Military branches no regular military forces -
Military expenditures - dollar figure NA -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA -
National holiday Liberation Day, 14 June (1982) -
Nationality noun: Falkland Islander(s)


adjective: Falkland Island
-
Natural hazards strong winds persist throughout the year NA
Natural resources fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss coconuts, fish, sugarcane
Net migration rate NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) -
Political parties and leaders none; all independents -
Political pressure groups and leaders none -
Population 2,967 (July 2005 est.) no indigenous inhabitants


note: approximately 1,200 former agricultural workers resident in the Chagos Archipelago, often referred to as Chagossians or Ilois, were relocated to Mauritius and the Seychelles in the 1960s and 1970s, in November 2000 they were granted the right of return by a British High Court ruling, though no timetable has been set; in 2001, there were approximately 1,500 UK and US military personnel and 2,000 civilian contractors living on the island of Diego Garcia (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line NA -
Population growth rate 2.44% (2005 est.) -
Ports and harbors Stanley Diego Garcia
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands


international: country code - 500; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries
general assessment: separate facilities for military and public needs are available


domestic: all commercial telephone services are available, including connection to the Internet


international: international telephone service is carried by satellite (2000)
Telephones - main lines in use 2,400 (2002) NA
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (2001) -
Television broadcast stations 2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service)


note: cable television is available in Stanley (2002)
1 (1997)
Terrain rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains flat and low (most areas do not exceed four meters in elevation)
Total fertility rate NA children born/woman (2005 est.) -
Unemployment rate full employment; labor shortage (2001) -
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